“Weight restrictions are likely to have the most effect on long-haul flights, which often take off near the airplane’s maximum weight,” says Ethan Coffel, an atmospheric scientist at Columbia University. “Possible adaptations include rescheduling flights to cooler times of the day or lengthening runways.”

Ben Margalit and Brian Metzger of Columbia University are one of four different groups of scientists who determined how massive neutron stars can be without collapsing under their own gravity to form a black hole — about 2.2 times that of the sun.

Chris Wiggins, an associate professor of applied mathematics at Columbia University and the chief data scientist at The New York Times, has helped the Times develop two machine-learning tools for "perspective targeting" and to expand its readership outside of the U.S.

Kate Marvel, a Columbia University climate scientist, explains that it's not the exact global average surface temperature in 2100 that makes the most difference for whether certain species will survive global warming, it's the rate of change that matters.

A study coauthored by Columbia's Deepti Singh found the more the global temperature rises, the greater the odds of extremely wet weather. That means more days with record-setting amounts of precipitation. It also means greater amounts of precipitation on the wettest days of the year.

Sarah Woolley, a neuroscientist at Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute, found that finches are expert at learning the songs of their fathers for later in life, when it comes time to find a mate.

Research coauthored by scientists at the Columbia Water Center found that since 1982, between 3 and 10 percent of the country’s water systems have been in violation of federal Safe Drinking Water Act health standards each year.